XR, AI & Spatial Computing Glossary
Explore clear, expert explanations of the technologies, concepts, platforms, and methods shaping immersive experiences, enterprise XR, AI, Digital Twins, and the future of work.
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360° Video
A 360° video captures the environment around the camera, creating a spherical view that viewers can explore from different directions.
3DoF
3DoF or Three Degrees of Freedom, describes a type of motion tracking used in virtual reality where the system tracks the direction of a user's head but not their physical position.
6DoF
6DoF, or Six Degrees of Freedom, refers to the ability of an XR system to track both the position and rotation of a user or object in three-dimensional space.
A
A/B Testing in VR
A/B testing in VR is a structured way of comparing two different versions of a virtual or immersive experience to understand which one works better for users.
AI and VR
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) are two technologies that are changing how people interact with digital environments.
AI Avatars
AI Avatars are intelligent digital characters powered by Artificial Intelligence that can communicate with users, understand their inputs, and respond dynamically.
Ambient Occlusion in VR
Ambient Occlusion (AO) is a rendering technique used in 3D environments to make virtual objects and spaces look more natural by simulating how ambient light behaves around nearby surfaces.
Android XR
Android XR is Google's extended reality platform designed to bring Android applications and experiences into headsets, smart glasses, and other spatial computing devices.
Apple Vision Pro Headset
The Apple Vision Pro is a spatial computing headset that brings digital content into the user's physical surroundings.
Asynchronous Timewarp in VR
Asynchronous Timewarp (ATW) is a rendering technique used in virtual reality to make head movement feel more responsive, even when a headset or computer has not finished rendering a completely new frame.
C
Cognitive Load
Cognitive load refers to the amount of mental effort a person uses while processing information, learning something new, or completing a task.
Crisis Simulation
Crisis simulation is a structured training approach that allows organizations to practise responding to emergencies and unexpected situations in a controlled environment.
D
Degrees of Freedom (DoF)
Degrees of Freedom (DoF) describes the number of independent ways a device or user can move within a virtual or physical space.
Digital Thread
A Digital Thread is a connected flow of data that follows a product, asset, or process throughout its lifecycle.
Digital Transformation
Digital transformation is the process of using digital technologies to rethink how an organization operates, makes decisions, serves customers, and creates value.
Digital Twin
A Digital Twin is a digital representation of a physical object, asset, facility, system, or process that can be connected to information from the real world.
E
Edge Computing
Edge computing is a computing approach where data is processed closer to where it is created instead of sending everything to a centralized cloud or data center.
Enterprise XR
Enterprise XR (Extended Reality) refers to the use of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies to solve real business and operational challenges.
Eye-Tracking Module
An eye-tracking module is a combination of hardware and software that detects where a person is looking and translates eye movement into usable digital information.
F
Field of View (FOV)
Field of View (FOV) refers to the amount of the environment a person can see at a given moment.
Foveated Rendering
Foveated rendering is a rendering technique designed around the way human vision works.
Funnel Analysis
Funnel analysis is a method of studying how users move through a series of steps before completing a desired action.
G
Gaussian Splatting
Gaussian Splatting, more specifically 3D Gaussian Splatting, is a technique used to represent and render 3D environments from photographs or captured visual data.
Gaze Heatmap
A gaze heatmap is a visual representation of eye-tracking data.
Gesture Recognition
Gesture recognition is a technology that enables computers and digital systems to understand human movements and convert them into commands or interactions.
H
Hand Tracking
Hand tracking is an XR interaction technology that uses cameras, sensors, and computer vision to understand the movement and position of a user's hands.
Haptic Feedback
Haptic feedback is technology that uses physical sensations to communicate information to a user.
Haptic Gloves
Haptic gloves are wearable XR devices designed to track hand and finger movements while providing tactile or force-based feedback to the user.
Hazard Identification Training
Hazard Identification Training is designed to teach employees how to recognize conditions, actions, equipment, or situations that could potentially cause harm.
Holographic Displays
Holographic displays are visualization systems designed to present digital content with a three-dimensional appearance, creating a stronger perception of depth and spatial presence than conventional 2D screens.
HoloLens
HoloLens is Microsoft's line of mixed reality headsets that combines the physical and digital worlds.
Hybrid Cloud Storage
Hybrid Cloud Storage is a storage architecture that combines on-premises storage with cloud-based storage.
I
Immersive Learning
Immersive Learning is a learning approach that uses digital environments, simulations, and interactive technologies to place learners inside an experience rather than keeping them outside it.
Industrial Metaverse
The Industrial Metaverse is a connected digital environment designed specifically for industrial and enterprise applications.
Inverse Kinematics
Inverse Kinematics is a mathematical method for determining how a chain of connected joints should move when the desired position of the final point is already known.
M
Meta Quest 3
Meta Quest 3 is a wireless, standalone VR and mixed reality headset from Meta.
Mixed Reality (MR)
Mixed Reality is an immersive technology that combines physical surroundings with digital content in a way that allows the two environments to coexist spatially.
Mixed Reality Passthrough
Mixed Reality Passthrough allows users to see their physical surroundings through cameras on an XR headset while digital objects, interfaces, and 3D content are rendered into the same view.
Motion Sickness Mitigation
Motion sickness mitigation refers to the design techniques, technical optimizations, and user-focused practices used to reduce discomfort during VR experiences.
O
Olfactory VR
Olfactory VR is a form of immersive technology that introduces digitally controlled smells into a VR experience.
OpenVR
OpenVR is an application programming interface (API) and runtime that provides a standardized way for VR applications to communicate with supported virtual reality hardware.
OpenXR
OpenXR is an open standard API developed by the Khronos Group for accessing XR platforms and devices.
P
Passthrough AR
Passthrough AR/VR refers to the ability of an XR headset to display a live view of the user's physical surroundings through external cameras while placing digital content within that view.
Passthrough VR
Passthrough VR is a technology that allows a VR headset to display a live view of the user's physical surroundings through cameras mounted on the device.
Persistent AR
Persistent AR is the ability to anchor digital content to the physical world so that the content can remain available across different sessions and, in suitable systems, across multiple users.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the process of extracting measurements, geometry, depth, and other spatial information from photographs.
Pico 4
Pico 4 is a standalone VR headset that provides users with an immersive 3D environment without requiring external base stations.
Predictive Analytics
Predictive analytics uses existing data to identify patterns and estimate possible future outcomes.
Procedural Training
Procedural training is the process of teaching a task through a defined and repeatable sequence of steps.
R
Ray-Ban Meta AI Glasses
Ray-Ban Meta AI Glasses are wearable smart glasses that combine traditional Ray-Ban eyewear with Meta's AI capabilities, cameras, speakers, microphones, and connected software.
Refresh Rate
Refresh rate refers to how many times a display updates its image every second.
Remote Wipe
Remote wipe is a security feature that allows an organization to erase data from a device without having physical access to it.
Room-Scale VR
Room-scale VR is a virtual reality setup that allows users to physically move around a defined area while interacting with a virtual environment.
S
Samsung Galaxy XR
Samsung Galaxy XR is a mixed reality headset developed by Samsung in collaboration with Google and Qualcomm and built on Google's Android XR platform.
Screen Door Effect
The Screen Door Effect occurs when the structure of a VR display becomes visible through the headset's lenses.
Soft Skills Simulation
Soft Skills Simulation is a digital training approach that recreates workplace and interpersonal situations so learners can practice behavioural skills in a controlled environment.
Spatial AI
Spatial AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that can perceive, interpret, and reason about three-dimensional environments.
Spatial Audio
Spatial audio is a technology that creates the perception of sound coming from specific locations in three-dimensional space.
Spatial Collaboration
Spatial collaboration is a way of working together where people interact with digital information, 3D models, or virtual environments within a shared spatial context.
Spatial Computing
Spatial computing is a computing approach that allows digital systems to understand and interact with the physical environment around a user.
Standalone VR Headset
A standalone VR headset is an all-in-one virtual reality device designed to run immersive applications without requiring a separate computer or console.
U
Unity
Unity is a real-time development platform used to create interactive 2D and 3D experiences.
UV Unwrapping
UV unwrapping is the process of taking the surface of a three-dimensional model and laying it out onto a two-dimensional plane so that textures and surface details can be applied accurately.
V
Valve Steam Frame
The Valve Steam Frame is a standalone VR headset built to run a VR-focused version of SteamOS.
Virtual Prototyping
Virtual prototyping is the process of creating and evaluating a digital representation of a product, component, environment, or system before producing or modifying its physical version.
VR and 5G Connectivity
VR and 5G connectivity refers to combining immersive virtual reality experiences with the high-speed and low-latency capabilities of fifth-generation wireless networks.
VR Backpack PC
A VR Backpack PC is essentially a portable high-performance computer built to be worn on the user's back.
VR Controller
A VR controller is a handheld device designed to provide physical input inside a virtual environment.
VR Environment
A VR environment is a digital space designed to make users feel as though they are physically present inside a virtual world.
VR Gloves
VR gloves are wearable interfaces designed to capture hand and finger movements and translate them into actions inside a virtual environment.
VR Headset
A VR headset is a wearable device that creates an immersive virtual environment around the user.
VR Locomotion
VR locomotion refers to the different techniques used to move a person through a virtual environment.
VR Ready PC
A VR Ready PC is a high-performance computer designed to run virtual reality applications smoothly.
VR Remote
A VR remote, also known as a VR controller, is a handheld input device designed to control and interact with virtual environments.
VR Simulation
A VR simulation is an interactive digital environment created to reproduce a real-world task, location, process, or situation.
VR Treadmill
A VR treadmill is a motion-tracking platform designed to simulate walking or running inside a virtual environment without requiring the user to physically travel across a large space.
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